Aging, irony, and wisdom: On the narrative psychology of later life

This paper introduces the idea that aging inclines us naturally toward an ironic stance on life. The conscious cultivation of that stance through some form of narrative reflection is linked to the development of wisdom, where wisdom is understood in terms of deepened knowledge of the "stories" of our lives. Such reflection heightens our awareness of the inherently ironic nature of our inner world-a complex, quasi-literary world toward which we occupy multiple points of view. In exploring these ideas, the concept of narrative foreclosure is discussed, as is that of "positive aging."