Particulars and Other Categories

Ontological Status (being, existence) does not have degrees, pace Plato and Aristotle. Therefore, there is no category with the highest ontological status which could play the role of basic category. This entails that particulars are not the basic category and thus not bearers of their properties; nor are universals to particulars as the one is to the many. It also entails that properties are not connected to particulars by their dependence due to a lower ontological status. An additional category is necessary to connect particulars and their properties, the category of facts. The category of fact is on the same level as the categories of particular and universal and has several subcategories including general facts. It solves seemingly intractable traditional problems, especially problems of complexity.