Myeloid sarcoma derived from the sacral vertebrae: a case report and literature review

We reported a case of isolated myeloid sarcoma (MS) derived from the sacral vertebrae and reviewed the relevant literature. A 22-year-old female had constant pain in the left hip and leg for a month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass lesion on the left side of the sacral vertebrae. H&E and immunohistochemical staining showed the characteristics of MS. After two cycles of acute myeloid leukemia-type induction chemotherapy, the MRI scan revealed a significant reduction in the mass size. She then received a cycle of high-dose cytarabine for consolidation. A second cycle of the same consolidation chemotherapy and local radiation therapy were scheduled. However, the patient voluntarily stopped both treatments due to financial constraints and died at 13 months after first symptom onset. The prognosis of isolated MS involving the spine is poor. Standardized chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be performed to improve the prognosis.