Experimental Verification of Anisotropic Three-dimensional Left-handed Metamaterial Composed of Jerusalem Crosses

An anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) left-handed metamaterial (LHM) was proposed in this paper. The LHM is composed of unit cells with metallic Jerusalem crosses etched correspondingly on both sides of dielectric substrates. 3D left-handed property is realized by the couplings between neighboring metallic Jerusalem crosses. The LHM was fabricated and experimentally measured. The results show that the LHM always exhibits left-handed bands for incident plane waves along x, y, and z directions. Because of the symmetry of the unit cell, left-handed properties of the proposed 3D LHM in x and y directions are the same but are different from that in z direction. This verifies the validity of the proposed anisotropic 3D LHM.