The Role of NF-κB Inhibitors in Cell Response to Radiation

It is well documented that ionizing radiation (IR) activates the transcription factor (NF-kappa B) which is a trigger for resistance cancer cells to treatment. It is involved in activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and resulting in cancer development and progression. In unstimulated condition, NF-kappa B is sequestered in cytoplasm but after the cell exposure to IR, proteasomal degradation of I kappa B flowing phosphorylation via IKK, leads to aberrantly NF-kappa B activation and nuclear translocation. Therefore, interruption in I kappa B degradation, proteasome action, IKK phosphorylation and NF-kappa B nuclear translocation provide robust strategies for inhibiting adverse effect of IR induced NF-kappa B. In spite of uncompleted elucidation of NF-kappa B molecular mechanisms, different NF-kappa B inhibitors have been used in order to inhibiting the IR induced NF-kappa B. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of IR induced-NF-kappa B inhibitors such as MG132, bortezomib, curcumin, DHMEQ, naringin, sorafenib, genistein and parthenolide in suppression of IR induced NF-kappa B adverse effects. Moreover, their chemical, structural characteristics and molecular mechanisms will be discussed.