Design and experimental tests of control strategies for active hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources

Twenty-first century handheld electronic devices and new generations of electric vehicles or electric airplanes have fueled a need for new high-energy, high-power, small-volume, and lightweight power sources. Current battery technology by itself is insufficient to provide the mandatory long-term power these systems require. Fuel cells are also unable to provide the essentially high peak power demanded by these systems. Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries could combine the high power density of clean fuel cells and the high energy density of convenient batteries. This paper presents an experimental study on control strategies for active power sharing in such a hybrid fuel cell/battery power source. These control strategies limited the fuel cell current to safe values while also regulating the charging current or voltage of the battery. The several tested control strategies were implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and then tested under the pulsed-current load condition through experiments. Experimental tests were conducted with three control objectives: maximum fuel cell power, maximum fuel cell efficiency, and adaptive. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.