[1] Dokkyo Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
[2] Fukushima Med Univ, Radiat Med Sci Ctr Fukushima Hlth Management Surv, Off Epidemiol, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
[3] Fukushima Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Fukushima, Japan
[4] Osaka Univ, Dept Social Med, Publ Hlth, Grad Sch Med, Osaka, Japan
[5] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[6] Univ Tsukuba, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[7] Ibaraki Western Med Ctr, Ibaraki, Japan
[8] Osaka Ctr Canc & Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Osaka, Japan
[9] Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Gerontol, Tokyo, Japan