Emotional prosody and diffusion tensor imaging in children after traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: Brain structures and their white matter connections that may contribute to emotion processing and may be vulnerable to disruption by a traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurring in childhood have not been thoroughly explored. Research design and methods: The current investigation examines the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and 3-month post-injury performance on a task of emotion prosody recognition and a control task of phonological discrimination in a group of 91 children who sustained either a moderate-to-severe TBI (n = 45) or orthopaedic injury (OI) (n = 46). Main outcomes and results: Brain-behaviour findings within OI participants confirmed relationships between several significant white matter tracts in emotional prosody performance (i.e. the cingulum bundle, genu of the corpus callosum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). The cingulum and genu were also related to phonological discrimination performance. The TBI group demonstrated few strong brain behaviour relationships, with significant findings emerging only in the cingulum bundle for Emotional Prosody and the genu for Phonological Processing. Conclusion: The lack of clear relationships in the TBI group is discussed in terms of the likely disruption to cortical networks secondary to significant brain injuries.