Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily

Objective: In this study we aimed to investigate the association between dietary phytoestrogen consumption and prostate cancer in a sample of southern Italian individuals.Methods: A population-based case-control study on the association between prostate cancer and dietary factors was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single institution of the municipality of Catania, southern Italy (Registration number: 41/2015). A total of 118 histopathological-verified prostate cancer (PCa) cases and a total of 222 controls were collected. Dietary data was collected by using two food frequency questionnaires.Results: Patients with PCa consumed significantly higher levels of phytoestrogens. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lignans (Q[quartile]4 vs. Q1, OR [odds ratio]=4.72; p<.05) and specifically, lariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=4.60; p<.05), pinoresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=5.62; p<.05), matairesinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=3.63; p<.05), secoisolariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=4.10; p<.05) were associated with increased risk of PCa. Furthermore, we found that isoflavones (Q3 vs. Q1, OR=0.28; p<.05) and specifically, genistein (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=0.40; p<.05) were associated with reduced risk of PCa.Conclusion: We found of an inverse association between dietary isoflavone intake and PCa, while a positive association was found with lignans intake.