Autochthony and orientation patterns in Olduvai Bed I: a re-examination of the status of post-depositional biasing of archaeological assemblages from FLK North (FLKN)

被引：44

作者：

Dominguez-Rodrigo, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bunn, H. T. ^{[3
]}

Pickering, T. R. ^{[3
,4
,5
]}

Mabulla, A. Z. P. ^{[6
]}

Musiba, C. M. ^{[1
,7
]}

Baquedano, E. ^{[1
,8
]}

Ashley, G. M. ^{[9
]}

Diez-Martin, F. ^{[10
]}

Santonja, M. ^{[11
]}

Uribelarrea, D. ^{[12
]}

Barba, R. ^{[2
]}

Yravedra, J. ^{[2
]}

Barboni, D. ^{[13
]}

Arriaza, C. ^{[1
]}

Gidna, A. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Museo Origenes, Inst Evoluc Africa, IDEA, Madrid 28005, Spain

[2] Univ Complutense, Dept Prehist, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[4] Univ Witwatersrand, Inst Human Evolut, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa

[5] Transvaal Museum, Ditsong Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrates, Plio Pleistocene Palaeontol Sect, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa

[6] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Archaeol Unit, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

[7] Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80217 USA

[8] Museo Arqueol Reg, Madrid 28801, Spain

[9] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA

[10] Univ Valladolid, Dept Prehist & Archaeol, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain

[11] CENIEH, Burgos 9002, Spain

[12] Univ Complutense, Dept Geodynam, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[13] Aix Marseille Univ AMU, CNRS, IRD, Coll France,CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France

来源：

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE | 2012年 / 39卷 / 07期

关键词：

Olduvai Gorge; ELK North; FLK Zinj; Orientation; Isotropy; Autochthony; Site formation history; Taphonomy; PEBBLE ORIENTATION; BONE ACCUMULATIONS; MASS MOVEMENT; TAPHONOMY; GORGE; SOLIFLUCTION; TRANSPORT; LEOPARDS; HOMINID; ZINJANTHROPUS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.027

中图分类号：

Q98 [人类学];

学科分类号：

030303 ;

摘要：

Recent excavations at FLK North (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) have produced new information on the orientation of archaeological materials at various levels of the site. This information includes the uniform distribution of material azimuths, which contrasts with previous inferences of highly patterned orientations of materials in the Bed I archaeological sites. Those previous inferences of patterned material orientations are based on Mary Leakey's 50-year-old drawings of artifact and fossil bone distribution, but are not verified by our precise measurements of archaeological objects made in situ. Nor do those previous results agree with the general lack of geological, geomorphological, and/or taphonomic data that would indicate significant post-depositional movement of archaeological materials in the sites. We argue here that Leakey's drawings are incomplete (only portions of each assemblage were drawn) and inaccurate in their representation of the original locations, shapes and orientations of most archaeological specimens. This argument is supported by several important mismatches in object representations between a photograph taken of a small portion of the FLK 22 Zinjanthropus site floor before the removal of the archaeological items, and the sketch of the same area drawn by Leakey. Thus, we conclude that primary orientation data of excavations (i.e., direct measurements taken from items) generated prior to object removal are the only valid indicators of the relative isotropy or anisotropy of these important paleoanthropological assemblages. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：2116 / 2127

页数：12