A Systematic Literature Review on Product-Service Systems Classifications and Types

This paper primarily deals with a systematic literature review on Product-Service Systems (PSS) classifications. The initial question was, how can information and profound knowledge regarding the classification of PSS be acquired? A very extensive scientific and systematic literature research containing 125 works was carried out for this purpose. In doing so, we concentrated on the central question of how PSS can be classified. Here we have found out which PSS classifications are widely used in literature and how they differentiate. As a result, the five identified PSS classifications are described and compared. Derived from this, we have analysed the various PSS types from the PSS classification and made a comparison of these types for the first time in the literature. As a result, similarities and differences between the authors are presented and examined. This research will enable us to go one step ahead and develop a framework that can be applied to classify companies or certain business models in regard to PSS. Thus, a scientific contribution could be made to the field of PSS classification.