Highly selective hydrogenation of CO2 into C2+ alcohols by homogeneous catalysis

The hydrogenation of CO2 to produce alcohols with two or more carbons (C2+ alcohols) is of great importance, but is challenging. In this work, we found that a Ru-3(CO)(12)/Rh-2(CO)(4)Cl-2-LiI system could catalyze the reaction effectively in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) under mild conditions. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-methyl propanol, butanol, and 2-methyl butanol were produced in the homogeneous catalytic reaction. The C2+ alcohols could be generated at 160 degrees C, which is the lowest temperature reported so far for producing C2+ alcohols via CO2 hydrogenation. The selectivity for the C2+ alcohols could be as high as 96.4% at the optimized conditions, which is higher than those reported in the literature. In addition, the catalytic system could be easily recycled. The route of the reaction for forming the C2+ alcohols was discussed on the basis of control experiments.