Cutaneous manifestations of liver diseases

The cutaneous manifestations of liver disorders are protean. In addition to the well-recognized stigmata of liver cirrhosis, various infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, hereditary, developmental, and neoplastic liver disorders can result in various cutaneous and mucosal changes as well as in pruritus and abnormal hair and nail growth. Although many of these changes are nonspecific, some are associated with distinct liver diseases and correlate with the severity of hepatic pathology. Familiarization with the spectrum of these manifestations is important for early detection and treatment of hepatic diseases. We review the medical literature and discuss the spectrum of dermatologic manifestations of liver cirrhosis and of important liver diseases, their etiopathogenesis, significance, and treatment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.