Timing of delivery for placenta accreta spectrum: the Pan-American Society for the Placenta Accreta Spectrum experience

BACKGROUND: The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine recommends cesarean delivery with potential hysterectomy scheduled in the late preterm period between 34 0/7 and 35 6/7 weeks of gestation for prenatally suspected placenta accreta spectrum. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate clinical compliance with the recommended delivery timing window for placenta accreta spectrum and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective multicenter review of data from referral centers within the Pan-American Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum. Patients with placenta accreta spectrum with both antenatal diagnosis and confirmed histopathologic findings were included. We investigated adherence to the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine-recommended gestational age window for delivery, and compliance was further stratified by scheduled and unscheduled delivery. We compared the outcomes for patients with scheduled delivery within vs immediately 2 weeks outside the recommended window. RESULTS: Among 744 patients with a prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum and placental histopathologic confirmation, 488 (66%) had scheduled delivery. Among all prenatally diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum patients, 252 (39%) delivered within the recommended window of 34 0/7 and 35 6/7 weeks gestation. For the subgroup of patients who underwent scheduled delivery (n=426), 209 (49%) had delivery in this window, 120 (28%) delivered before 34 weeks, and 97 (23%) delivered at or later than 36 weeks. In the patients with scheduled delivery, 27% of placenta accreta spectrum patients with accreta delivered in the 2 weeks immediately after the recommended window (36 0/7-37 6/7 weeks), and 22% of placenta accreta spectrum pregnancies with increta/percreta delivered in the 2 weeks immediately before the recommended delivery (32 0/7-33 6/7 weeks). The maternal outcomes among those who delivered within the recommended range vs those delivering 2 weeks before and after the recommended range were similar, regardless of placenta accreta spectrum severity. CONCLUSION: Less than half of placenta accreta spectrum patients had scheduled delivery within the recommended gestational age of 34 0/7 to 35 6/7 weeks. The reasons for deviation from recommendations and the risks and benefits of individualized timing of delivery on the basis of risk factors and predicted outcomes warrant further investigation.