Modeling and analysis methods of bridges and their effects on seismic responses .1. Theory

Various methods for modeling and analyzing bridges subjected to earthquakes are first discussed in Part I, followed by parametric studies and the evaluation of their effects on seismic responses discussed in Part II. Also included in Part I are the detailed descriptions on the determination of the equivalent soil spring constants as required by the simplified model, and the proposed formulas for calculating such constants for both spread (shallow) footings and pile-supported (deep) foundations.