The streamfunction and velocity potential variances associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation are explained substantially by their zonal wavenumber-1 components, which are used to measure quantitatively the phase relationship between the two variables. There exists a quarter-cycle phase difference between them. A simplified streamfunction budget equation was used to demonstrate analytically that this spatial quadrature relationship is maintained through the counteraction between streamfunction tendencies induced by the horizontal advection of planetary vorticity and the divergence of planetary vorticity flux.
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Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, 46 Zhongguancun South Rd, Beijing 100081, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, 46 Zhongguancun South Rd, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
Jiang, Zhina
Feldstein, Steven B.
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Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USAChinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, 46 Zhongguancun South Rd, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
Feldstein, Steven B.
Lee, Sukyoung
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Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South KoreaChinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, 46 Zhongguancun South Rd, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China