VNIIOFI secondary-standard sources and detectors of vacuum-ultraviolet and ultraviolet radiation

The stability and reproducibility of secondary-standard sources and detectors are the main problems and the fundamental trouble of spectroradiometry in the ultraviolet spectral range. The high accuracy of the spectroradiometric unit for primary standards based on synchrotron radiation sources is lost by transferring that unit to unstable or irreproducible secondary standards. The best secondary-standard sources and detectors for units of spectral radiance, irradiance, radiant power and flux for the wavelength range 30 nm to 400 nm are described. Integral radiometers for different applications are presented.