ON DING INJECTIVE, DING PROJECTIVE AND DING FLAT MODULES AND COMPLEXES

We characterize Ding modules and complexes over Ding-Chen rings. We show that, over a Ding Chen ring R, the Ding projective (respectively, Ding injective, respectively, Ding flat) R-modules coincide with the Gorenstein projective (respectively, Gorenstein injective, respectively, Gorenstein flat) modules, which, in turn, are nothing more than modules appearing as a cycle of an exact complex of projective (respectively, injective, respectively, flat) modules. We prove a similar characterization for chain complexes of R-modules: a complex X is Ding projective (respectively, Ding injective, respectively, Ding flat) if and only if each component X-n is Ding projective (respectively, Ding injective, respectively, Ding flat). Along the way, we generalize some results of Stovicek and Bravo, Gillespie and Hovey to obtain other interesting corollaries. For example, we show that, over any Noetherian ring, any exact chain complex with Gorenstein injective components must have all cotorsion cycle modules, that is, Ext(R)(1)(F,Z(n)I) = 0 for any such complex I and flat module F. On the other hand, over any coherent ring, the cycles of any exact complex P with projective components must satisfy Ext(R)(1)(Z(n)P,A) = 0 for any absolutely pure module A.