Smart Windows, Switchable between Transparent, Mirror, and Black States, Fabricated Using Rough and Smooth Indium Tin Oxide Films Deposited by Spray Chemical Vapor Deposition

Two types of indium-tin oxide films, rough and smooth, with an average grain size of 434 and 71 nm, respectively, were deposited by spray pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition. Using both these films, we fabricated glare tunable transparent electrochemical devices exhibiting reversible optical changes between transparent, mirror, and black states, without any treatments. Under zero bias conditions, the transmittance of the transparent state reached 81.1% at 700 nm. With a bias of similar to 2.5 V, the reflectance of the mirror state reached 82.0% at 700 nm. The total transmittances in the mirror and black state amounted to 0.6% in the visible range. (C) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics