DNA Modifications and Neurological Disorders

被引:37
|
作者
Weng, Yi-Lan [1 ,2 ]
An, Ran [1 ,2 ]
Shin, Jaehoon [1 ,3 ]
Song, Hongjun [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Ming, Guo-li [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[3] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[4] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Solomon H Snyder Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
关键词
DNA methylation; DNA demethylation; DNMT; TET; 5hmC; GADD45; BODY-SPECIFIC METHYLATION; CPG BINDING-PROTEINS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DE-NOVO; METHYLTRANSFERASES DNMT3A; ANTIBODY DIVERSIFICATION; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; UP-REGULATION;
D O I
10.1007/s13311-013-0223-4
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Mounting evidence has recently underscored the importance of DNA methylation in normal brain functions. DNA methylation machineries are responsible for dynamic regulation of methylation patterns in discrete brain regions. In addition to methylation of cytosines in genomic DNA (5-methylcytosine; 5mC), other forms of modified cytosines, such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine, can potentially act as epigenetic marks that regulate gene expression. Importantly, epigenetic modifications require cognate binding proteins to read and translate information into gene expression regulation. Abnormal or incorrect interpretation of DNA methylation patterns can cause devastating consequences, including mental illnesses and neurological disorders. Although DNA methylation was generally considered to be a stable epigenetic mark in post-mitotic cells, recent studies have revealed dynamic DNA modifications in neurons. Such reversibility of 5mC sheds light on potential mechanisms underlying some neurological disorders and suggests a new route to correct aberrant methylation patterns associated with these disorders.
引用
收藏
页码:556 / 567
页数:12
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