Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: an acute manifestation of systemic lupus erythematous

Stroke mimickers are common, and they represent a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Many, like posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), are easily reversible. The manifestation of PRES is characterised by headaches, convulsions, altered mental functioning and blindness. In most cases, computed tomography of the brain will show hypodense lesions in the parieto-occpitial lobe, which only further confounds the physician. Although this syndrome is uncommon, prompt and accurate recognition allows early treatment, which has been shown to produce favourable outcomes. Herein, we report the case of a 54-year-old woman, who presented with PRES, as an acute manifestation of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and lupus nephritis. The patient was initially thought to be experiencing an ischaemic stroke, but the diagnosis was later changed. On management of her underlying condition, her symptoms resolved. PRES should be recognised as an acute emergency manifestation of SLE. It should not be mistaken for an ischaemic stroke as inappropriate treatment could have adverse outcomes.