Rheumatic joint disease in childhood and adolescence

Rheumatic joint disease in childhood and adolescence is relatively rare. In the general population, 1 child with juvenile arthritis accounts for 100 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At disease onset 50% of affected children are between 2 and 6 years of age. Symptoms are often subtle and pain is usually not the leading symptom. Early treatment of juvenile arthritis is essential in order to prevent long-term sequelae in affected children. Many children are introduced to a pediatric rheumatologist only with considerable delay. Therapy is based on NSAIDs, intra-articular steroid injections, and immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases patients are treated with biologics. Physical and occupational therapy are important supportive measures in the treatment.