Optimization of Salix Carbonation Solid Acid Catalysts for One-Step Synthesis by Response Surface Method

Featured Application One of the major problems which we faced in this century was energy shortage, Salix carbon-based solid acid catalyst is a promising method for preparing biodiesel with low-cost catalysts to alleviate the energy crisis. Abstract Salix carboniferous solid acid catalysts were successfully obtained via one-step carbonization and sulfonation of Salix psammophila in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which was then used in the esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol to prepare the biodiesel. The esterification rate of the catalyst obtained from the reaction indicated the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Afterwards, the recycling performance of the catalyst was optimized and characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The catalyst performance was examined and optimized through the response surface method, and the catalyst was determined and characterized based on scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared analysis. The results suggested that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 125 degrees C, reaction time of 102 min, solid-liquid ratio of 17 g/100 mL, standing time of 30 min, and the highest conversion level of 94.15%.