WSN Scheduling for Energy-Efficient Correction of Environmental Modelling

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in environmental applications where the aim is to sense a physical parameter such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, etc. Most existing WSN-based environmental monitoring systems use data interpolation based on sensor measurements in order to construct the spatiotemporal field of physical parameters. However, these fields can be also approximated using physical models which simulate the dynamics of physical phenomena. In this paper, we focus on the use of wireless sensor networks for the aim of correcting the physical model errors rather than interpolating sensor measurements. We tackle the activity scheduling problem and design an optimization model and a heuristic algorithm in order to select the sensor nodes that should be turned off to extend the lifetime of the network. Our approach is based on data assimilation which allows us to use both measurements and the physical model outputs in the estimation of the spatiotemporal field. We evaluate our approach in the context of air pollution monitoring while using a dataset from the Lyon city, France and considering the characteristics of a monitoring system developed in our lab. We analyze the impact of the nodes' characteristics on the network lifetime and derive guidelines on the optimal scheduling of air pollution sensors.