Two Ultralightweight Authentication Protocols for Low-Cost RFID Tags

The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system plays an important role in authentication, security control, supply chain management, and inventory control. Due to market consideration, low-cost RFID systems have become very popular in recent years. In many applications, such as e-passport, RFID systems need security mechanisms to resist all possible attacks and security risks. However, because of extensive computation requirements and high memory space demand for most security mechanisms, they are not suitable for low-cost RFID tags. In this paper, we propose two ultralightweight authentication protocols for low-cost RFID tags. The first protocol is based on dynamic identity and the second one on static identity. Both protocols have the merits of obtaining mutual authentication, protecting the user's privacy, and low computation cost. Furthermore, the proposed protocols can resist replay, impersonation, and de-synchronization attacks.