Three-Dimensional Balance Training Using Visual Feedback on Balance and Walking Ability in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Background: Trunk-activating exercises for balance are important because trunk weakness is relevant to the functional performance of individuals with stroke. This study aimed to explore the effects of three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback on balance and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Each group underwent twenty sessions (30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Patients were assessed using the Berg balance scale, gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double-limb support period) using GAITRite, and activity-specific balance confidence score, before and after the intervention. Results: The three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback exhibited greater changes in the Berg balance scale, gait speed, cadence, step length, double-limb support period, and activity-specific balance confidence compared with the control group. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in Berg balance scale (P =.012; 95% CI, 2.585-6.415), gait speed (P =.001; 95% CI,.079-. 155), cadence (P =.001; 95% CI, 1.622-4.392), step length (P =.003; 95% CI, 1.864-3.908), double-limb support period (P =.003; 95% CI, -3.259 to -0.761) and activity-specific confidence (P =.008; 95% CI, 6.964-14.036) between groups. Conclusion: Three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback may be more effective than conventional training in improving balance, walking ability, and activity-specific balance confidence in patients with subacute stroke.