Relationship between nutritional status on admission to the intensive care unit and clinical outcomes

Aim To determine the prevalence of malnutrition on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the relationship between nutritional status on admission and clinical outcomes in adult critically ill patients. Methods This was a prospective study in an adult ICU. Patients with expected length of stay (LOS) >48 hours in ICU were assessed for nutritional status using the patient generated-subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) within 48 hours of admission to ICU. Results Primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital LOS and length of mechanical ventilation. A total of 166 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were aged 59 +/- 17 years on average with a mean BMI of 29 +/- 7 kg/m(2)and a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 19 +/- 7. The prevalence of malnutrition in critically ill patients was 36% (n = 60). Mortality rate of malnourished patients was 9% (n = 15) compared to 7.8% (n = 13) in well-nourished patients (adjusted odds ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-5.03,P= .069). There was no difference in hospital mortality between malnourished patients and well-nourished patients (10.2% vs 10.2% adjusted odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-4.19,P= .096). There was no relationship between nutritional status and length of mechanical ventilation (3.0 vs 1.0 days,P= .382)or ICU LOS (4.7 vs 4.8 days,P= .59). Malnourished patients had a longer LOS in hospital than well-nourished patients (24 vs 17 days,P= .03). Conclusion Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for increased hospital LOS.