Fungal diagnosis: how do we do it and can we do better?

被引:66
|
作者
Perfect, John R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA
关键词
Aspergillosis; beta-glucan; Candidiasis; Diagnostics; Galactomannan; Invasive fungal infections; PCR assays; INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; BETA-D-GLUCAN; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; PREEMPTIVE ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES-SOCIETY; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; REAL-TIME PCR; NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; STEM-CELL;
D O I
10.1185/03007995.2012.761134
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Background: Morbidity and mortality remain high for patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) despite an increasing number of antifungals and other treatments. Many studies indicate that delayed or inaccurate diagnosis and treatment are major causes of poor outcomes in patients with IFIs. Objective: The aim of the current paper is to provide a review of traditional and newer approaches to the diagnosis of IFIs, with a particular focus on invasive candidiasis (IC) and aspergillosis (IA). Recent studies from the author's institution are highlighted, along with an advancement in cryptococcal meningitis diagnosis that should improve the care of AIDS and its opportunistic infection in many developing countries. Findings: Currently available tools for the diagnosis of IFIs include traditional methods like histopathology, culture, and radiology, and newer antigen-and PCR-based diagnostic assays. Attempts have also been made to predict IFIs based on colonization or other factors, including genetic polymorphisms impacting IFI susceptibility in high-risk patients. Biopsy with histopathologic analysis is often not possible in patients suspected of pulmonary aspergillosis due to increased bleeding risk, and blood cultures for IC, IA, or other IFIs are hindered by poor sensitivity and slow turnaround time which delays diagnosis. Radiology is often used to predict IFI but suffers from inability to differentiate certain pathogens and does not generally provide certainty of IFI diagnosis. Newer antigen-based diagnostics for early diagnosis include the beta-glucan assay for IFIs, galactomannan assay for IA, and a recent variation on the traditional cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) test with a Lateral Flow Assay for invasive cryptococcosis. PCR-based diagnostics represent additional tools with high sensitivity for the rapid diagnosis of IFIs, although better standardization of these methods is still required for their routine clinical use. Conclusion: Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of currently available diagnostic tools, and further devising linked strategies to best implement them either alone or in combination, would greatly improve early and accurate diagnosis of IFIs and improve their successful management.
引用
收藏
页码:3 / 11
页数:9
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [1] How Can We Do Better?
    Brown, Philip R.
    [J]. ACCOUNTING HORIZONS, 2013, 27 (04) : 855 - 859
  • [2] DIAGNOSIS AND DECISIONS - CAN WE DO BETTER
    HOFFBRAND, BI
    [J]. POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1987, 63 (743) : 729 - 730
  • [3] Malaria: How Are We Doing and How Can We Do Better?
    Rosenthal, Philip J.
    John, Chandy C.
    Rabinovich, N. Regina
    [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2019, 100 (02): : 239 - 241
  • [4] GEOLOGIC GEOPHYSICAL PROGNOSES - HOW WELL DO WE PREDICT - HOW CAN WE DO BETTER
    ROSE, PR
    [J]. GEOPHYSICS, 1985, 50 (02) : 284 - 285
  • [5] We can do better
    Gannon, Frank
    [J]. EMBO REPORTS, 2023, 24 (04)
  • [6] Can We do Better?
    Marcello, Peter W.
    [J]. ANNALS OF SURGERY, 2010, 252 (01) : 9 - 10
  • [7] We Can Do Better
    Wilk, Kevin E.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY, 2014, 44 (09): : 634 - 635
  • [8] We can do better
    Baker, Reg
    [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARKET RESEARCH, 2014, 56 (01) : 11 - 13
  • [9] WE CAN DO BETTER
    BURGESS, EM
    [J]. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 1994, 31 (03): : R7 - R8
  • [10] We Can Do Better
    Douglas, Kathy S.
    [J]. NURSING ECONOMICS, 2014, 32 (01): : 40 - 41