Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes Between Single-Morula Embryo Transfer and Single-Blastocyst Transfer in Fresh IVF/ICSI Cycles

Background: This study investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of day 4 (D4) morula embryo transfer (ET) in comparison with day 5 (D5) blastocyst ET, with regards to their clinical data, laboratory test results, and pregnancy outcomes. Material/Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1070 patients, including 178 cases in group D4 and 892 cases in group D5. The endpoint was live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer. Furthermore, the clinical outcomes of D4 embryos with different morphology were compared and assigned to 3 groups: in group 1 (n=66) the embryos were compacted but not expanded, in group 2 (n=102) the embryos were compacted and expanded (early blastocyst), and in group 3 (n=10) the embryos were not compacted. Results: Groups D4 and D5 had comparable clinical pregnancy rates (53.37% vs 59.97%) and live birth rates (43.25% vs 50.89%), and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. In group 3, there was only 1 clinical pregnancy and no live birth. In comparison between group 1 and group 2, the clinical pregnancy rate of group 2 showed an upward trend (48.48% vs 60.78%), but there was no significant difference. There was also no statistically significant difference in the live birth rate between the 2 groups (42.42% vs 49.01%). Conclusions: Transferring of compacted embryos or early blastocysts can result in high clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. In addition to the cleavage and blastocyst ET, morula ET may serve as an alternative option for the clinician.