Recent advances in the development of micropumps, microvalves and micromixers and the integration of carbon electrodes on centrifugal microfluidic platforms

Centrifugal microfluidics is a field that has attracted many researchers over the last two decades and its application to biomedical analysis has been investigated intensively. This review paper presents recently developed innovative micropumps, microvalves and micromixers on microfluidic CDs that enabled the automation and integration of sequential bioanalytical assays. We also introduce and compare recent innovations in sensing and detection approaches in centrifugal microfluidic platforms. In this context, we propose the integration of carbon interdigitated electrode arrays (C-IDEAs) biosensors and microballoon fluidic components for the future development of highly sensitive, inexpensive and low-power consuming point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. To enable power on the CDs for the C-IDEAs biosensors, we review different formats for transferring power to the spinning platforms.