After 12 years, the Research and Development (''R&D'') Tax Concession remains the major Federal Government industry R&D incentive program. However, recent changes to the operation of the concession, particularly the change in the deduction rate from 150% to 125%, are forcing companies to reassess the benefits of claiming and to review their R&D management systems. The major changes to the concession are summarised and some key management issues highlighted.