Coseismic fluid-rock interactions at high temperatures in the Chelungpu fault

被引:104
|
作者
Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi [1 ]
Tanimizu, Masaharu [1 ]
Nagaishi, Kazuya [2 ]
Matsuoka, Jun [2 ]
Tadai, Osamu [2 ]
Sakaguchi, Masumi [2 ]
Hirono, Tetsuro [3 ]
Mishima, Toshiaki [4 ]
Tanikawa, Wataru [1 ]
Lin, Weiren [1 ]
Kikuta, Hiroyuki [1 ]
Soh, Wonn [1 ]
Song, Sheng-Rong [5 ]
机构
[1] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Kochi 7838502, Japan
[2] Marine Works Japan Ltd, Kochi 7838502, Japan
[3] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan
[4] Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Inland Seas, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
[5] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
关键词
D O I
10.1038/ngeo308
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Aqueous fluids are thought to have an essential role in faulting and the dynamic propagation of earthquake rupture. Fluid overpressure can affect earthquake nucleation(1,2) and in a process termed thermal pressurization, pore fluid pressure produced by frictional heating can reduce the effective normal stress acting on the fault surface(3-5). This may lead to a marked reduction in fault strength during slip. However, the coseismic presence of fluids within slip zones and the role of fluids in dynamic fault weakening is still a matter of debate. Here we present compositions of major and trace elements as well as isotope ratios of core samples representing relatively undamaged as well as very fine-grained deformed material from three active zones of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan. Depth profiles across the most intensely sheared bands that range in thickness from 2-15 cm exhibit sharp compositional peaks of fluid-mobile elements and of strontium isotopes. We suggest that high-temperature fluids (>350 degrees C) derived from heating of sediment pore fluids during the earthquake interacted with material within the fault zone and mobilized the elements. The coseismic presence of high-temperature fluids under conditions of low hydraulic diffusivity(6) within the fault zone is favourable for thermal pressurization. This effect may have caused a dynamic decrease of friction along the Chelungpu fault during the 1999 magnitude 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake.
引用
收藏
页码:679 / 683
页数:5
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