Students' understanding of a groundwater system and attitudes towards groundwater use and conservation

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' understanding of groundwater as a system, and to further examine whether and how their understanding is related to attitudes towards groundwater use and conservation. A total of 676 junior high school students completed a groundwater survey including a drawing activity and a questionnaire. An additional group of university students with environmental science majors were recruited for the survey for the purpose of determining reasonable expectations and validating interpretations of the results. Analysis of student drawings indicated that students generally held an incomplete and unconnected understanding of the groundwater system. Correlation analysis showed that student levels of understanding were associated with their perceptions of environmental impacts as well as environmental concern regarding groundwater problems. These findings re-emphasised the importance of promoting students' understanding of environmental systems, as well as their ability to think systemically.