Significant Correlation between Delayed Relief after Microvascular Decompression and Morphology of the Abnormal Muscle Response in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm

Although microvascular decompression (MVD) is a reliable treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS), postoperative delayed relief of persistent HFS is one of the main issues. In patients with hemifacial spasm, stimulation of a branch of the affected facial nerve elicits an abnormal response in the muscles innervated by another branch. Several specific types of waves were found in the abnormal muscle response (AMR). This study aimed to confirm the relationship between the initial morphology of the AMR wave and delayed relief of persistent HFS after MVD. We retrospectively analyzed and compared the data from 47 of 155 consecutive patients who underwent MVD for HFS at our hospital between January 2015 and March 2020. Based on the pattern of the initial AMR morphology on orbicularis oculi and mentalis muscle stimulation, patients were divided into two groups, namely, the monophasic and polyphasic groups. The results of MVD surgery for HFS were evaluated 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively, by evaluating whether or not the symptoms of HFS persisted at the time of each follow-up. There were significantly higher rates of persistent postoperative HFS in patients with the polyphasic type of initial AMR at 1 week and 1 month after the surgery (p < 0.05, respectively), as assessed using Yates chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. A significant correlation was observed between delayed relief after MVD and polyphasic morphology of the AMR in electromyographic analysis in patients with hemifacial spasm.