Interactions between Endophytes and Plants: Beneficial Effect of Endophytes to Ameliorate Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plants

Endophytes are typically non-pathogenic microbes that at some period in their life cycles colonize the interior spaces of plant tissues. There is a growing interest in the role of the endophytes in ameliorating various stresses on plants, including biotic stress (such as pathogenic microbes) and abiotic stress (such as drought and salt stress), because endophytes can produce phytohormones, fixing nitrogen, antagonistic substances, enzymes, which plays an important role in plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress. Previously researchers have reviewed endophytes promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. In order to further clarify the interactions between endophytes and it's host plants, we reviewed the biological properties of endophytes isolated from different parts of plant, the methods of plant inoculation with endophytes and the beneficial effects of endophytes to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress in plants.