Thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to a half-marathon run in hot, humid conditions

This study describes the thermoregulatory and metabolic responses during a simulated half-marathon (21 km) run performed outdoors in a hot, humid environment. Ten male runners were recruited for the study, The run was carried out individually under solar radiation on a predetermined path in the following environmental conditions (ambient temperature: 27.96 +/- 1.70 degrees C, globe temperature: 28.52 +/- 2.51 degrees C, relative humidity: 76.88 +/- 7.49%, wet bulb globe temperature: 25.80 +/- 1.18 degrees C). Core temperature, skin temperature, head temperature, heat storage, heart rate, expired gases, rating of perceived exertion, and speed were measured or calculated before the start, every 3 km, and immediately following the run. Comparisons were made for each dependent variable using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance tests, and a Bonferroni test. Average run time and pace were 101:00 +/- 9:52 min and 4:48 +/- 00:16 min km(-1), respectively. Participants significantly reduced their running speed, oxygen consumption, and heat storage at 9 km (p < 0.05). While core temperature was significantly increased at 6 km (p < 0.05) before plateauing for the remainder of the run. The key finding was that most of the runners reduced their pace when a T-core of 39 degrees C was reached which occurred between 6 and 9 km of the run, yet runners were able to increase their speed demonstrating an "end-spurt" near the end of the run.