Associated Factors of Liver Disease After Fontan Operation in Relation to Ultrasound Liver Elastography

Although the Fontan operation can improve outcomes, surviving patients still face Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors of FALD in relation to ultrasound liver elastography. A cross-sectional study was conducted for all patients on whom an ultrasound upper-abdomen and ultrasound liver elastography was performed at more than 1 year after the Fontan operation. The data consisted of the age at operation, type of Fontan operation, and laboratory data such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Cardiovascular evaluations included echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Eighty patients with a median age of 12 years (range 5-36 years) were eligible for the study. The prevalence of FALD was 41%. For the purpose of univariate logistic regression analysis, the age at the Fontan operation, time elapsed since the Fontan operation, previous Glenn shunt, presence of fenestration, mean pulmonary artery pressure and IVC pressure post-Fontan operation, platelet count, GGT, and FIB-4 score were considered to be factors significantly associated with FALD. Following an adjustment by multivariate logistic regression analysis, age greater than 7 years at the time of Fontan procedure, time elapsed of more than 9 years since the procedure, and GGT level > 130 U/L were found to be significantly associated with FALD. Patients with these factors should be investigated for FALD.