Vickers hardness studies of calcium oxalate monohydrate and brushite urinary stones

Purpose: To measure the hardness of two types of urinary stones: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; CaC2O4 center dot H2O) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (brushite; CaHPO4 center dot 2H(2)O). Materials and Methods: The composition of 28 calcium oxalate monohydrate and 22 brushite stones was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Stone specimens were embedded in crystallographic resin, polished, and subjected to indentation tests using a Vickers tester. The hardness was calculated from measuring the diagonal lengths of the residual indentation on the specimen using the appropriate equation. Results: The COM stones showed hardness values ranging from 15.3 to 64.2 HV with a mean of 35.8 +/- 13.3, while brushite stones ranged from 10.1 to 46.1 HV with a mean of 26.5 +/- 15.1. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two stone types. Conclusions: Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones exhibited greater hardness than brushite stones when assessed with Vickers studies.