Seed traits and germination behaviour of four Sardinian populations of Helichrysum microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum (Asteraceae) along an altitudinal gradient

Helichrysum microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum (Asteraceae) is an endemic taxon of Sardinia and Corsica, where it grows at different altitudes. The objective of this study was to investigate the seed traits and germination behaviour of four Sardinian populations of this taxon located at different altitudes. Seed traits were evaluated, and germination tests were carried out by incubating seeds at a range of constant (5-30 degrees C) and alternating (25/10 degrees C) temperatures. The dry after-ripening (DAR) pre-treatment was also applied by storing seed in dry conditions for 3 months at 25 degrees C. Seed traits and germination behaviour data were statistically analysed to identify if there was a correlation with altitude. Differences in seed size, area and mass among populations were recorded, however, no relationship was found with altitude. High germination percentages were obtained in all populations, both in untreated and DAR seeds, and were positively affected by alternating temperatures. The final germination percentage and time required to reach 50% final germination (T-50) showed no relationship with altitude. The differences in seed traits and germination detected among the studied populations of H. microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum were not correlated with altitude. This study provides new and important knowledge for this taxon. H. microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum is characterised by high germination percentages and low T-50 values and does not seem to require any dormancy-breaking treatment. This species represents a high-potential native plant species that should be considered within environmental management plans.