Baropacing as a new option for treatment of resistant hypertension

Electrical carotid baroreflex activation therapy is an emerging device-based treatment for patients with resistant hypertension. Its blood pressure lowering effect has been demonstrated in several animal and human studies, with prolonged effect over the long-term. The main mechanism of the blood pressure reduction during this therapy is by inhibition of the sympathetic outflow. Yet the question arises whether the inhibition of central sympathetic activity is sufficient to be the sole mechanism behind the sustained reduction in blood pressure. The major focus of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms of action that account for the effects of continuous carotid baroreflex activation on blood pressure in humans. Recent results of baroreflex activation therapy as a treatment for heart failure will also be discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.