[1] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Geriatr & Gerontol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
[2] Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Gen Thorac & Vasc Surg, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA
[4] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
[5] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
[6] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Burn & Crit Care Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA