Facile emulsion mediated synthesis of phase-pure diopside nanoparticles

Diopside is a common natural pyroxene that is rarely found in a pure state, since magnesium is often partially substituted by iron, and other elements (sodium and aluminum) are often present. This pyroxene, along with feldspars and olivines, is common in concrete. As the prospective license renewal of light water reactors to 80 years of operation has raised concerns on the effects of radiation in the concrete biological shield surrounding the reactors, mineral nanoparticles can be valuable to perform amorphization studies to inform predictive models of mechanical properties of irradiated concrete. The synthesis of diopside nanoparticles was achieved in this study using a reverse-micelle sol-gel method employing TEOS, calcium chloride and Mg(MeO)(2) in a methanol/toluene solution. Tert-butylamine and water were used as hydrolysis agents, and dodecylamine as a surfactant. The resulting amorphous precursor was centrifuged to remove organics and fired at 800 degrees C. Additional reaction with hydrogen peroxide was used to remove amine remnants. TEM and SEM examinations revealed a product comprised of 50-100 nm diameter nanoparticles. XRD indicated phase pure diopside and BET indicated a surface area of 63.5 m(2)/g before peroxide treatment, which at a bulk density of 3.4 g/cm(3) is equivalent to particles with diameter of 28 nm.