Life-cycles of four species of Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the Island of Newfoundland, Canada

Populations of four species of Pardosa, P. fuscula, P. groenlandica, P. kyperborea and P. moesta, were sampled during summer 1997 on the west coast of the Island of Newfoundland, Canada. Measurements of carapace width indicated that all four species fit a biennial Life-cycle model where new individuals join the population in summer, live through the following winter, grow throughout the next year, live through the next winter, and then mature, breed and die in the year following their second winter. All species showed only one defined recruitment of new spiderlings during the sampling period, but at least two species may have extended periods of recruitment and some individuals may have an extended life-cycle.