Characterization of 'Gala' apple aroma and flavor: Differences between controlled atmosphere and air storage

Aroma and flavor characters of 'Gala' apples [;Malus sylvestris OL.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh, Mansf. 'Gala'] were identified by 10 trained panelists. A vocabulary of 13 aroma descriptors and 16 flavor descriptors were used to characterize changes in controlled atmosphere (CA) and air, or regular atmosphere (RA) storage over 20 weeks, When compared with RA storage, the intensity of fruity (pear, banana, and strawberry) and floral descriptors decreased after 10,weeks in CA for whole and cut fruit aroma and flavor. During the entire storage period under CA, aroma of cut apples retained high vegetative and citrus characters but had a less intense anise aroma. Sourness and astringency were significantly higher for CA-stored apples, and sweetness was significantly lower. A musty note was perceived in whole apples stored in CA for 20 weeks, Aroma of whole fruit stored for 16 weeks in CA follow ed by 4 weeks in RA was higher in fruitiness, banana, floral, and anise characters when compared with apples stored 20 weeks in CA. There was no difference between fruit stored in CA followed by RA versus CA stored apples for flavor and aroma of cut fruit. Changes in descriptor ratings during storage are discussed in relation to gas chromatography and olfactometry data obtained with the Osme method.