From national to sector level biometric systems: the case of Ghana

Biometric systems offer opportunities for developing countries to address citizen identification challenges. In recent years, biometric systems have been deployed at the national and sector levels or both. However, related information systems research has focused on either the national or sector levels. Less knowledge thus exists on the relationship between the two levels. To address this gap, this study employs interpretive case study methodology and activity theory to investigate a failed national biometric project in Ghana and its relationship with emergent sector level biometric systems. The findings show that lack of political consensus and conflicting laws can lead to national biometric system failure and multiple sector level systems. Moreover, implementation of multiple biometric systems leads to duplication of resources, infrastructure, and biometric data for individuals. Based on the findings, the paper discusses implications for theory, research, and national development.