Progress in Research of COVID-19 Based on Proteomics Techniques

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is highly contagious and spreads rapidly, posing a serious threat to the health and safety of people around the world. Proteomics technology has the characteristics of high throughput and high sensitivity, and plays an important role in biomarker discovery, molecular mechanism research, and therapeutic target research. Proteomics technology has been widely used in the research of COVID-19. Herein, this study provides a comprehensive review of the research progress of COVID-19 based on proteomics techniques. In section 1, the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the process of SARS-CoV-2 infecting host cells were summarized. In section 2, the currently commonly used mass spectrometry (MS) -based proteomics techniques including liquid chromatography (LC)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDITOF) MS were reviewed. In section 3, the application progress in the research of precise diagnosis, molecular mechanism and drug therapy targets of COVID-19 based proteomics technology was highlighted. Proteomics have been employed in biomedical research to uncover biomarkers associated with COVID-19, it also provides a comprehensive snapshot of virus-induced changes to the host following infection, invasion, persistence, and pathogenesis and can prime the identification of novel therapeutic targets for preventing or lessening disease severity. In section 4, the future development direction of proteomics was prospected. It's hoped that this review can help to promote the development of proteomics technology in the precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases.