Adaptive Emergency Transmission Rates in Power System and Market Operation

A novel concept of the adaptive emergency transmission rates (ATR) is presented. Traditionally used discrete emergency rates developed for a fixed period of time are replaced by a continuous adaptive rate applicable for any interval of time after contingency. ATR permits increasing power transfer in normal states without degradation of system reliability toy allowing the maximal safe loading of electrical facility post-contingency corresponding to the transmission loading relief available via real-time dispatch. The approach is applicable mainly to real-time operations and short term planning and allows to not only lowering the cost of the operation, but also increasing the consistency of the economic dispatch in terms of the operator's discretion.