Corporate environmental strategies - A stakeholder management perspective

Organisations can develop and implement a range of strategies, from reactive to proactive, to address environmental issues. This paper examines how the firms perceive the expectation of different stakeholders and integrate them into their company strategies to enhance the competitive advantages. Stakeholders do not only include shareholders, customers, employees but also government and communities. Effective stakeholder management can constitute intangible, socially complex resources that may allow the firm to outperform competitors in terms of long-term value creation.