A high accuracy and efficiency indoor positioning system with visible light communication

Positioning technology is important to the development of location-based services. This work proposes a highly accurate and efficient indoor positioning system that uses visible light communication technology. The system uses a fingerprinting positioning mechanism that is based on a mobile device. A dynamic k-NN (DKNN) mechanism is developed to improve upon k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) positioning, which is based on fingerprinting. This work also proposes an integrated angle of arrival (AOA) and fingerprinting mechanism for three-dimensional positioning, which reduces the time that would otherwise be required for fingerprinting training and improves the accuracy of the indoor positioning system. When used for fixed-height two-dimensional positioning, the mean error distance of the DKNN fingerprinting positioning mechanism is approximately 0.15 cm. The AOA mean error distance is approximately 11.43 cm. The traditional k-NN mean error distance is approximately 1.47 cm. Ignoring the height error, the integrated AOA and fingerprinting positioning mechanisms have a mean error distance of approximately 2.43 cm; the traditional AOA mean error distance is approximately 11.10 cm, and the fingerprinting mean error distance is approximately 2.74 cm. When the height error is considered, the AOA and fingerprinting fusion positioning mechanisms have a mean error distance of approximately 2.83 cm; the AOA mean error distance is approximately 11.62 cm, and the fingerprinting mean error distance is approximately 4.15 cm. The experimental results therefore show that the proposed mechanism provides the highest positioning accuracy.