Multi-stage dynamic optimal allocation for battery energy storage system in distribution networks with photovoltaic system

In this article, a multi-stage optimal allocation method for battery energy storage system (BESS) in distribution networks with photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed, which is to obtain its optimal installation location, capacity, power, and investment time. This method takes the time value of money, the PV growth rate, and the load increase during the investment period into consideration. Firstly, genetic algorithm and gravity search algorithm are combined to solve a single-stage static optimal allocation problem and the BESS installation location and parameters in target year are obtained. Then, the obtained parameters are regarded as constraints and a heuristic multi-path forward dynamic programming method is used to determine the specific investment time of each equipment. Finally, a case study is used to verify the effectiveness and the economy of the proposed method. The research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal allocation of BESS in distribution networks.